| Abstract Detail
Charles Heiser Special Contributed Paper Session Coate, Jeremy [1], Luciano, Amelia [2], Seralathan, Vasu [3], Minchew, Kevin [4], Owens, Thomas [5], Doyle, Jeff [6]. Anatomical,morphological and physiological changes correlated with recent natural allopolyploidy in Glycine subgenus Glycine. Polyploidyis a dominant force in plant evolution, and polyploids are often more successful than their diploid progenitors. Photosynthesis plays a fundamental role in plant fitness and previous studies have shown that polyploidy has pronounced effects on photosynthesis-related phenotypes. Most of these studies have focused on synthetic or recently formed autopolyploids, and little is known about the integrated effects of natural allopolyploidy, which involves hybridity and genome doubling, and often incorporating multiple genotypes through recurrent origins and lineage recombination. Glycine dolichocarpa is a natural allotetraploid with multiple,biparental origins. We quantified and compared anatomical, biochemical and physiological phenotypes relating to photosynthesis in G. dolichocarpa (designated "T2"), and its diploid progenitors, G. tomentella ("D3") and G. syndetika ("D4"), under controlled, growth chamber conditions. To assess the effects of direction of cross on these phenotypes, we included three T2 accessions having D3-like plastids (T2D3) and two T2 accessions having D4-like plastids (T2D4). In order to capture the range of variation within the diploid species, we characterized four accessions of each. Allopolyploidy was associated with changes in the anatomy, biochemistry and physiology of photosynthesis in T2. Guard cell size, chloroplast number per palisade cell, chloroplast number per unit leaf area, palisade cells per unit leaf area, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a+b, xanthophyll content per unit leaf area, and photosynthetic capacity per cell differed significantly in T2 compared to at least one of its diploid progenitors. Palisade cell volume, chloroplast number, chloroplast volume per unit leaf area, and photosynthetic capacity per unit leaf area differed significantly between T2D3 and T2D4. Additionally, there is considerable variation within T2 that could be due to multiple origins. T2 is characterized by transgressive photosynthesis-related phenotypes (including an approximately two-fold increase in photosynthetic capacity per cell), as well as by significant intra-species variation in several photosynthesis-related phenotypes that correlate with direction of cross. Broader Impacts:
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1 - Cornell University, Plant Biology, 412 Mann Library, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
2 - Yale University, Department of Pharmacology, 333 Cedar Street, SHM B-208, New Haven , CT, 06520-8066
3 - Cornell University, Department of Plant Biology, 412 Mann Library Building, SHM B-208, Ithaca, NY, 14853, United States
4 - Bethel University, Department of Biology, 325 Cherry Avenue, McKenzie, TN, 38201, USA
5 - Cornell University, Department of Plant Biology, 412 Mann Library Building, SHM B-208, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
6 - Cornell Univeristy, 412 Mann Library Building, ITHACA, NY, 14853-4301, USA
Keywords:
allopolyploidy
photosynthesis
cell size
evolution.
Presentation Type: Oral Paper:Papers for Topics
Session: 03
Location: Lindell D/Chase Park Plaza
Date: Monday, July 11th, 2011
Time: 9:30 AM
Number: 03007
Abstract ID:206 |
